Lithium Methoxide

Lithium Methoxide: Properties, Applications, and Safety Information

Lithium methoxide is a chemical compound widely used in organic synthesis, catalysis, and material science. As the lithium salt of methanol, it serves as a strong base and nucleophile in various chemical transformations. It is especially useful in reactions requiring a non-nucleophilic, non-protic, and lightweight alkali metal base.

Chemical Identity

Chemical Name: Lithium Methoxide
Chemical Formula: CH₃OLi
Molecular Weight: 37.98 g/mol
Appearance: White to off-white powder or crystalline solid
Solubility: Soluble in methanol and other alcohols; reacts with water
Stability: Moisture-sensitive; stable under dry, inert conditions

Structure and Formation

Lithium methoxide is composed of a lithium cation (Li⁺) and a methoxide anion (CH₃O⁻). It is typically produced by the reaction of lithium metal with methanol under controlled, anhydrous conditions:

2Li + 2CH₃OH → 2CH₃OLi + H₂↑

This reaction must be carried out under a dry atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen or argon) since lithium methoxide is highly reactive with water.

Applications of Lithium Methoxide

1. Organic Synthesis
Lithium methoxide is used as a strong, non-protic base in various organic reactions, such as:

Deprotonation: It can deprotonate weak acids or activate carbon acids like malonates.
Esterification and Transesterification: Useful in forming and modifying esters, especially methyl esters.

2. Catalysis
In both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, lithium methoxide functions as an effective catalyst or co-catalyst, particularly in transesterification processes used in biodiesel production.

3. Pharmaceutical Chemistry
As a reagent, it plays a role in specific synthesis routes where lithium’s smaller ionic radius offers advantages in selectivity or solubility compared to sodium or potassium analogs.

4. Polymer Chemistry
It is sometimes employed in polymerization reactions or in the modification of polymer structures, where precise control of basicity is essential.

Handling and Storage

Due to its sensitivity to air and moisture, lithium methoxide requires careful handling and storage.

Storage Recommendations:

Store in tightly sealed containers under an inert gas atmosphere
Keep in a cool, dry place away from water, acids, and oxidizers
Avoid exposure to humidity and carbon dioxide, which can degrade the compound

Handling Tips:

Use only in well-ventilated areas or fume hoods
Employ dry solvents and glassware
Avoid skin and eye contact; use gloves and goggles

Safety Information

Corrosive: Can cause severe irritation or burns to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system
Reactivity: Reacts violently with water, forming lithium hydroxide and methanol
Flammability: Methanol, a component in its preparation and handling, is highly flammable

First Aid Measures:

Skin/Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention
Inhalation: Move to fresh air; administer oxygen if necessary and seek medical help
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention

Conclusion

Lithium methoxide is a valuable chemical reagent in both research and industry, known for its strong basicity and unique lithium-based properties. While it offers many benefits in synthetic and catalytic applications, it must be handled with proper precautions due to its high reactivity and corrosive nature. When stored and used correctly, lithium methoxide is a reliable tool in the hands of chemists and researchers alike.

Phone : +49 1512 4714765 ( Germany )
Phone : +1 (702) 381-3042 ( USA )
Email : [email protected]
Address : Cunostraße 56, 14193 Berlin. Germany
Address : 7373 Rowlett Park Dr, Tampa, FL 33610, United States.

Blog